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Are You Born Again Paper Written Tract

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Serial of gospel tracts

The encompass of This Was Your Life!, a Chick tract that was translated into over a hundred languages and is described by Chick Publications as its most pop title

Chick tracts are short evangelical gospel tracts, originally created and published by American publisher and religious cartoonist Jack T. Chick. Since his death, his company (Chick Publications) has connected to print tracts, including tracts by new writers.

Although many of Chick's tracts express views that are generally accustomed within mainstream Christian theology, several tracts accept expressed controversial viewpoints. Nigh notably, Chick tracts express strong anti-Cosmic views, too as criticisms of other faiths, including Judaism, Islam, and Mormonism.

Chick Publications [edit]

Chick Publications produces and markets the Chick tracts, forth with other comic books, books, and posters.[1] Chick Publications has its headquarters in Rancho Cucamonga, California,[2] and a mailing address in Ontario, California.

The company estimates information technology has printed over 800 million tracts during its starting time 50 years of business concern. On its website they note that "Our ministry building is primarily publishing the gospel tracts of Jack T. Chick, only nosotros do occasionally publish a manuscript in book form."[3] They state that if the content "educates Christians in ane of the areas for which we take a tract, nosotros would love to run across it" and cite several examples; the online store lists nearly a dozen book categories.[3]

As of Jan 2015, Chick Publications had produced over 250 different titles, about 100 of which are all the same in print, and are available in over 100 languages.[4] The company will print an "out-of-print" title only a minimum of x,000 copies must exist ordered.

Format and storylines [edit]

The tracts themselves are approximately three by 5 inches (eight past 13 cm), and approximately xx pages in length.[5] The textile is written in comic book format, with the forepart panel featuring the title of the tract and the inside back console devoted to a standard sinner's prayer. The dorsum encompass of the tract contains a blank infinite for churches to stamp their name and accost; Chick Publications is willing to impress custom dorsum covers, simply at to the lowest degree ten,000 tracts must exist ordered.

The storyline usually features at least 1 Christian person and one or more than "non-Christians". Depending on the storyline the "non-Christian" may be a stereotypical "wicked person" (such as a criminal; an case being the eponymous graphic symbol of the tract Bad Bob!),[half dozen] a fellow member of a "simulated religion" (as Chick defines such; an case being the Mormon missionaries from The Visitors),[7] or a "moral person" depending on "good works" to gain eventual entrance to Heaven (as opposed to salvation through Jesus Christ; an example is the align in Gun Slinger).[8] In these storylines, the Christian attempts to convert the non-Christian to Christianity (and may besides feature a contrast where another character, often the "moral person", does non), with the convert receiving entry into Sky, while the person rejecting the message is condemned to Hell. The endings may feature a recycled scene in which Jesus Christ (portrayed as a giant, glowing, faceless figure sitting on a throne) condemns or welcomes a grapheme, an angel taking the believer to Sky, or the non-believer coming together demons upon his or her arrival to Hell.

Themes [edit]

Chick tracts terminate with a suggested prayer for the reader to pray to take Jesus Christ. In most of these tracts it is a standard sinner'south prayer for salvation. In the tracts dealing with "false religions", the prayer includes a clause to reject these religions. Included with the prayer are directions for converting to Christianity, which is as well repeated on the inside back panel along with steps to take should the reader catechumen to Christianity.[nine]

Strips, Toons, and Bluesies, written by Douglas Bevan Dowd and Todd Hignite, stated that "it'southward safe to presume Chick saw at least some" Tijuana bibles since the books and, according to Dowd and Hignite, Chick tracts were "strikingly similar" to Tijuana bibles; like Tijuana bibles the tracts mostly targeted youth of lower socioeconomic classes and "were loaded with stereotypes". The book stated that Chick tracts independent "way-out, wild" portrayals of recreational drug usage and portrayed "the sexual revolution". In addition the comics included supernatural elements, occult rituals, torture, and cannibalism.[10]

Some Chick tracts have been updated and inverse in subsequent releases. The content of That Crazy Guy! [11] was inverse subsequently the ascent of the AIDS crisis (the tract was originally nearly herpes).[12] Also, the ending to The Poor Little Witch [13] (in which a little girl is murdered by Satanists subsequently forsaking occultism and converting to fundamentalist Christianity) was changed considering the urban myth which states that "every year in the U.Southward. at least xl,000 people ... are murdered in witchcraft ceremonies" (about twice the entire reported homicide rate for the U.Due south.) turned out to be imitation and was removed from the tract.[14]

Controversies [edit]

The Southern Poverty Law Center has designated Chick Publications as an active detest group.[15] The group was listed due to its strong anti-Catholic, anti-Muslim, and anti-homosexual rhetoric.[16]

Chick'due south critics (such as talk.origins, Hindu American Foundation, and Catholic Answers) have accused him of misrepresentation.

The Hindu American Foundation put out an electronic PDF paper called "Hyperlink to Hinduphobia: Online Hatred, Extremism and Discrimination Against Hindus"[17] which contains a section on Chick's site; the newspaper ends with the argument "Chick Publications promotes hatred non just against Hindus, merely as well towards Muslims, Catholics, and others equally is evidenced by the following titles of their tracts: 'Terminal Rites – When this Cosmic dies, he learns that his church couldn't salvage him';[18] 'The Little Bride – Protect children confronting beingness recruited equally Muslims. Li'l Susy explains that just Jesus can save them';[19] and 'Allah Had No Son – The Allah of Islam is not the God of creation'".[20]

The tracts' claims nearly conspiracies are based in big part on the testimony of people who claim to take been members of these groups earlier converting to Evangelical Christianity, nearly prominently Alberto Rivera and William Schnoebelen. Many of Chick'south critics consider these sources to be frauds or fantasists.[21] One such instance was "The Prophet",[22] a comic containing a fantastic tale related by Rivera of how the papacy helped start Islam that turned out to accept no basis in reality.[23]

Churches have been criticized for distributing Chick tracts. In October 2011, the Northview Baptist Church in Hillsboro, Ohio, gave out copies of the Chick tract Mean Momma [24] forth with candy at Halloween.[25] The church building received complaints from parishioners, and its pastor apologized for issuing the tracts, saying that, "Our church does not endorse this type of extreme methodology that was represented in this particular tract, and we can assure you lot that we will not let this happen again ... our church is a loving church that loves souls and wants to do all we can in our customs to help as well as spread and share the Gospel message of Christ."[26]

Chick tracts have as well been subject area to censorship and have been investigated for hate spoken language. For case, Avon and Somerset Police investigated the distribution of Chick publications in Bristol in July 2020.[27]

Anti-Catholicism [edit]

Catholicism is a frequent target of Chick tracts and other writings. No fewer than 20 of the tracts are devoted to Catholicism, including Are Roman Catholics Christians? [28] (arguing that they are not), The Death Cookie [29] (a polemic against the Cosmic Eucharist), and Why Is Mary Crying? [30] (arguing that Mary does not support the veneration Catholicism gives her).[31]

Elsewhere, Chick defended the controversial Alberto Rivera in at least one book[32] [33] and in an unabridged series of 6 full-length comics.[34] Chick also asserted that the Catholic Church, in a grand conspiracy, created Islam, Communism, Nazism, and Freemasonry.[35] In The New Anti-Catholicism,[36] religious historian Philip Jenkins describes Chick tracts as promulgating "bizarre allegations of Catholic conspiracy and sexual hypocrisy" to perpetuate "anti-papal and anti-Catholic mythologies". Michael Ian Tapping, a sociology professor of Furman University at the time, described Chick's strong anti-Cosmic themes in a 2007 American Sociological Association presentation[37] and in a peer-reviewed article the next yr in Religion and American Civilization.[38]

Catholic Answers published a response to the claims of Chick Publications against Roman Catholics and a criticism of Chick tracts in full general called The Nightmare World of Jack T. Chick,[39] detailing the inaccuracies, factual errors, and how a "typical tactic in Chick tracts is to portray Catholics as being unpleasant or revolting in various ways".

Anti-Islam [edit]

Islam is too regularly targeted by Chick tracts, and more than 10 tracts take been published on the bailiwick. The most notable of these is Allah Had No Son, first published in 1994.[40] In this tract, a Muslim is converted to Christianity when he is told that Allah has origins every bit a infidel moon god. Camels in the Tent claims that Muslim immigration volition lead to the establishment of Sharia law in the United States and the forceful conversion of non-Muslims to Islam.[41]

Chick tracts' depiction of Islam has been frequently criticized. In December 2008, a Singaporean couple was charged with sedition for distributing the Chick tracts The Little Helpmate [42] and Who Is Allah?.[43] The tracts were said to "promote feelings of ill-will and hostility between Christians and Muslims in Singapore".[44] [45] The Chick Publications website has consequently been blocked in Singapore.[46]

In 2014, the Chick tract Unforgiven [47] was distributed by Bible Baptist Church building in Garden Metropolis, Roanoke, Virginia, and drew outrage from the surface area'due south Muslim community. The tract tells the story of an African-American homo who, while in prison, is coerced into joining the Islamic faith and changes his name to Muhammad. Upon his release he threatens his Christian grandmother. Hussain Al-Shiblawi, a local man interviewed by WDBJ-Television, explained that while the pamphlets he received from the church building every Dominicus were usually inspirational, this tract upset him: "It basically indicated that the people are violent, the religion itself is violent, and the facts in here are not true." Bible Baptist Church said that they did not write the tract and simply distributed it.[48]

Anti-homosexuality [edit]

Chick tracts are unequivocal and explicit in their opposition to homosexuality, and repeatedly utilise two anti-homosexual themes:

  • the belief that God hates homosexuality and considers it to be sinful, and
  • the true nature of homosexuality is revealed in the Christian interpretation of the biblical Sodom and Gomorrah story.

Chick'south kickoff tract on the bailiwick, The Gay Blade [49] was originally published in 1972. This tract warned of a gay agenda to button for same-sexual activity marriage and urged homosexuals to repent and then they could make information technology into heaven. The Gay Bract was revised in 1984 and is at present out-of-print except past special order. Co-ordinate to Cynthia Burack, this tract borrowed several of its frames from a 1971 Life mag photo-essay on the Gay Liberation movement, but with the images contradistinct to make the gay men expect more dissolute or stereotypically feminized.[l]

Later tracts on homosexuality depict LGBT rights activists as aggressive and prone to violence. In Doom Town, Chick claims that HIV-positive gay men program to donate blood to protest lack of federal funding of AIDS inquiry.[51] In Sin Urban center, gay rights activists assail a pastor protesting a gay pride parade, beating him and so badly he is later hospitalized.[52] Other tracts, such as Home Alone have pushed the beliefs that gay men catechumen otherwise heterosexual men into homosexuality and that gay and lesbian individuals are more than promiscuous than heterosexual ones.[53]

Chick's claims well-nigh homosexuality have angered gay activists. In 1974 the Iowa State Academy Christian Fellowship passed out copies of over twenty different Chick tracts, including copies of The Gay Blade. Members of the Gay People'southward Liberation Alliance and the Women's Coalition protested the tracts' distribution, claiming that they provided an inaccurate representation of LGBT people.[54]

Anti-development [edit]

Chick published several anti-development tracts, but Big Daddy? (which also attempts to refute the existence of the strong nuclear strength)[55] remains "the nearly widely distributed anti-development booklet in history".[56]

Critics betoken out that the Big Daddy? tract mainly uses Kent Hovind as a reference, despite the fact that Hovind has no degrees from accredited institutions in the relevant fields, that the thesis referred to is considered to be of very poor quality, and that his claims are at odds with the published statements of experts in the field.[57] [58] [59] [21]

Big Daddy? is presented in the 2007 book Development: What the Fossils Say and Why it Matters as a "typical of the genre" example of just how "misleading and quack" creationist presentations are. The examples of the "deceptive and misleading" distortions, misrepresentation, and fabrications presented in that work regarding Large Daddy? are "Nebraska Human" (the misinterpretation of which was corrected later only a yr and its beingness was debated from the get-go[60]), "New Guinea Human" (which is actually Homo sapiens), and the implication "Cro-Magnon" man was viewed equally unlike from Man sapiens.[61]

Views on Satanism and Satanic influence [edit]

The concept of malign influences led to the theme of spiritual warfare existence oftentimes portrayed in the tracts. Chick considered all forms of witchcraft to exist demonic, regardless of whether it was "white witchcraft" (i.e. purportedly using such gifts for proficient) or "black witchcraft" (i.e. purportedly using such gifts for evil). Chick Publications depicts Paganism and Neo-Paganism as forms of Satanism, a position Neo-Pagans and other observers strongly dispute.[62] Gladys is an case of one of Chick's tracts on this issue.[63]

Consistent with his views on demonic influence, Chick too considered Halloween to be "the devil's holiday" and opposed Christians celebrating it, with one notable exception – Chick did not oppose Christians engaging in the traditional Halloween custom of passing out processed to neighborhood children, considering information technology to be an opportunity to present the Gospel message via his tracts.[64]

Based on Chick's views on Satanism and Satanic influence, Catholic Answers states that "Chick portrays a world full of paranoia and conspiracy where nothing is what it seems and nearly everything is a Satanic plot to lead people to hell."[39] [23] [65] [66]

Parodies and popular culture [edit]

In film [edit]

  • A live-activity film Dark Dungeons, based on the Chick tract of the same name that warns against the supposed evil influence of Dungeons & Dragons, was released in Baronial 2014. Producer JR Ralls was given the rights to the tract for gratis after contacting Chick.[67]

In print [edit]

Some cartoonists accept published parodies that mimic Chick tracts' familiar layout and narrative conventions. Examples include:

  • Devil Doll? by Daniel Clowes, Antlers of the Damned [68] by Adam Thrasher, Jesus Delivers! by Jim Woodring and David Lasky, and Demonic Deviltry past "Dr. Robert Ramos" (really Justin Achilli of White Wolf Game Studios).
  • Upshot #2 of Daniel G. Raeburn's zine The Imp, which consists of a lengthy essay on Jack T. Chick'due south work and a concordance of terms and concepts used in his comics, has dimensions and covers that imitate a Chick tract.
  • 2 parodies by Jack C. Fox, LLC and published past Trick Publications titled Chemical Conservancy? (2006)[69] and ADAM & EVIL?! (2007)[70] tell the history of LSD and MDMA. The LSD Fox tract, which was released on Albert Hofmann's 100th birthday and was partially reprinted in a recent biography of the inventor of LSD,[71] besides appeared in a Japanese translation[72] and a Spanish translation.[73]
  • A parody entitled The Collector was drawn by cartoonist Hal Robins and included in chapter xiii of The Art of Jack T. Chick by Kurt Kuersteiner (2004, Schiffer Publishing, Ltd.).
  • The first edition of the Season one Blu-ray of the animated one-act evidence Rick and Morty came with a impress version of The Good Morty, a parody of Chick'south piece of work which too appears in Season one Episode ten titled "Close Encounters of the Rick Kind". The comic is written by Justin Roiland & Ryan Ridley and illustrated by Erica Hayes.[74]

References [edit]

Citations [edit]

  1. ^ Chapman, Roger (2010) Civilisation Wars: an Encyclopedia of Issues, Viewpoints, and Voices, Book 1 M E Sharpe, p. 84
  2. ^ "Chick Publications, Inc Company Profile". Dun & Bradstreet, Inc. Retrieved December 30, 2020. {{cite spider web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  3. ^ a b "FAQ: Will Chick Publications publish my book?". Chick Publications, Inc. 1984–2008. Archived from the original on March 3, 2008. Retrieved Feb 25, 2008.
  4. ^ "ChickComics.com: The Jack T. Chick Museum of Fine Art". The Chick Tract Collector's Social club; Not affiliated with Jack T Chick, LLC. 2015. Archived from the original on March 29, 2015. Retrieved March xviii, 2015.
  5. ^ Bivins 2008, p. 41.
  6. ^ "Bad Bob!". Chick.com. Archived from the original on December three, 2013. Retrieved December 2, 2013.
  7. ^ Jack T. Chick (w).The Visitors (1984), retrieved on 2006-12-07
  8. ^ "Gun Slinger". Chick.com. Archived from the original on December 2, 2013. Retrieved December 2, 2013.
  9. ^ "The Nightmare World of Jack T. Chick | Catholic Answers". Cosmic.com. Archived from the original on Jan 8, 2014. Retrieved Dec 2, 2013.
  10. ^ Dowd, Douglas Bevan; Hignite, Todd (2006). Strips, Toons, and Bluesies. Princeton Architectural Press. p. 40. ISBN978-1-56898-621-0.
  11. ^ "That Crazy Guy". Chick.com. Archived from the original on December 4, 2013. Retrieved Dec 2, 2013.
  12. ^ Monsterwax (2000). "Jack T. Chick's Museum of Fine Art REVIEW WING". Archived from the original on February 14, 2009. Retrieved June 24, 2009.
  13. ^ "The Poor Little Witch". Chick.com. Archived from the original on October 14, 2013. Retrieved December two, 2013.
  14. ^ Homicide victimization, 1950–2005 Archived 2006-09-29 at the Wayback Auto, United states Bureau of Justice Statistics, United States Department of Justice, July 11, 2007
  15. ^ "Active General Hate Groups". Southern Poverty Police Center. Archived from the original on July 23, 2013. Retrieved January 13, 2011.
  16. ^ "Pastor Apologizes For Hate-filled Halloween Paw-out". splcenter.org. Archived from the original on May 8, 2015. Retrieved May 16, 2017.
  17. ^ "Hyperlink to Hinduphobia: Online Hatred, Extremism and Bigotry Confronting Hindus" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 21, 2014. Retrieved May 21, 2014.
  18. ^ "Terminal Rites". Chick.com. Archived from the original on May 25, 2014. Retrieved May 21, 2014.
  19. ^ "English "The Little Helpmate"". Chick.com. Archived from the original on July 23, 2014. Retrieved May 21, 2014.
  20. ^ "Allah Had No Son". Chick.com. Retrieved May 21, 2014.
  21. ^ a b Fowler, Robert B. (2001). The World of Jack T. Chick. Terminal Gasp. pp. 2–10. ISBN0-86719-512-vi.
  22. ^ Jack T. Chick (1988). "The Prophet". Chick Publications. Archived from the original on June 23, 2011. Retrieved July 3, 2011.
  23. ^ a b Hodapp, Christopher; Von Kannon, Alice (2008). Conspiracy Theories & Cloak-and-dagger Societies For Dummies. For Dummies. p. 105. ISBN978-0-470-18408-0.
  24. ^ "Mean Momma, Chick Publications". Chick.com. Archived from the original on May 5, 2014. Retrieved May 21, 2014.
  25. ^ Mean Momma tells the story of Petunia Parker, hated by the town for her prior deportment and her runaway raising of her three sons; she scornfully rejects the church and refuses to fear God, only to have all three children die. The tract shows a gruesome detail of 1 child hanging himself, while a caption quotes that "the Lord gave, and the Lord hath taken away" while showing a tornado striking her business firm, killing her only remaining child (the first died in a automobile crash while attempting to elude constabulary enforcement).
  26. ^ "Pastor apologizes for pamphlet handed out to trick-or-treaters". November 4, 2011. Archived from the original on November four, 2011. Retrieved May xvi, 2017.
  27. ^ "'Disgusting' booklets posted through Bristol doors". BBC News. July 24, 2020. Retrieved July 25, 2021.
  28. ^ Jack T. Chick (w).Are Roman Catholics Christians? (1985), retrieved on 2006-12-07
  29. ^ Jack T. Chick (w).The Death Cookie (1988), retrieved on 2006-07-sixteen
  30. ^ Jack T. Chick (west).Why is Mary Crying? (1987), retrieved on 2006-12-07
  31. ^ Akin, Jimmy (2008). The Nightmare World of Jack T. Chick. San Diego: Catholic Answers.
  32. ^ Hunter, Sidney (1988). Is Alberto for Existent?. ISBN978-0-937958-29-2 . Retrieved July 14, 2011.
  33. ^ "The compelling testimony of Alberto Rivera, a old Jesuit priest". Chick.com. Archived from the original on May 15, 2014. Retrieved May 21, 2014.
  34. ^ "Comic List". Chick.com. Archived from the original on December 1, 2013. Retrieved December ii, 2013.
  35. ^ Jack T. Chick (westward).Mama'due south Girls (2012), retrieved on 2013-02-16
  36. ^ Jenkins, Philip (2004). The New Anti-Catholicism. Metropolis: Oxford University Press, USA. p. 24. ISBN978-0-nineteen-517604-nine.
  37. ^ Tapping, Michael Ian. "Cartoon Religious Battle Lines: The 'Culture Wars Work' of Jack Chick'due south Anti-Catholic Cartoons (newspaper presented at the almanac meeting of the American Sociological Association, New York, New York City, August eleven, 2007)". Archived from the original on December 20, 2017.
  38. ^ Tapping, Michael Ian; Murphree, Adam (Winter 2008). "Framing Catholicism: Jack Chick's Anti-Catholic Cartoons and the Flexible Boundaries of the Culture Wars". Religion and American Culture. xviii (1): 95–112. doi:10.1525/rac.2008.18.i.95. S2CID 145414303.
  39. ^ a b "The Nightmare World of Jack T. Chick". Archived from the original on September four, 2011. Retrieved May 21, 2014.
  40. ^ "Allah Had No Son". Chick.com. Retrieved May 21, 2014.
  41. ^ "Chick.com: Camel's In The Tent". chick.com . Retrieved August 25, 2020.
  42. ^ "English "The Footling Bride"". Chick.com. Archived from the original on July 23, 2014. Retrieved May 21, 2014.
  43. ^ "Chick.com: Who is Allah?". chick.com. Chick.com. Retrieved August 25, 2020.
  44. ^ Chong, Elena (December 4, 2008). "Couple on sedition trial". Straits Times. Archived from the original on March 23, 2010. Retrieved June 24, 2009.
  45. ^ Chong, Elena (Dec vi, 2008). "No ill volition intended". Straits Times. Archived from the original on December vii, 2008. Retrieved June 24, 2009.
  46. ^ Tim (June three, 2008). "Homophobic Evangelical Comics, Now Available in Singapore!". Trevvy. Archived from the original on July 17, 2011.
  47. ^ "Unforgiven". Chick Publications. 2007. Archived from the original on December 13, 2016. Retrieved Jan v, 2017.
  48. ^ "'I Choose Muhammad!': The Fiery Christian Tract That Has Some Muslims Up in Arms". TheBlaze. June 12, 2014. Archived from the original on Apr 23, 2017. Retrieved January 5, 2017.
  49. ^ "The Gay Blade". Chick.com. Retrieved December 2, 2013.
  50. ^ Burack, Cynthia (2008). Sin, Sex, and Republic . Albany: State Academy of New York Press. pp. 33–66. ISBN978-0-7914-7405-one.
  51. ^ "Chick.com: Doom Town". chick.com . Retrieved August 23, 2020.
  52. ^ "Chick.com: Sin City". chick.com . Retrieved August 23, 2020.
  53. ^ "Chick.com: Abode Solitary?". chick.com . Retrieved August 23, 2020.
  54. ^ Brumm, Dennis. "ISU Daily: Gays Protestation Pamphlet". www.brumm.com. Archived from the original on November 22, 2007. Retrieved August 23, 2020.
  55. ^ "Big Daddy?". Chick.com. Archived from the original on November 23, 2013. Retrieved December 2, 2013.
  56. ^ Moore, Randy; Decker, Mark D. (2008). More than Darwin: an Encyclopedia of the People and Places of the Development-Creationism Controversy. Greenwood Press. p. 56. ISBN978-0-313-34155-vii.
  57. ^ Vickers, Brett (1998). "Some Questionable Creationist Credentials". Archived from the original on Feb 19, 2009. Retrieved June 24, 2009.
  58. ^ Bartelt, Foley, Ph.D. (2001). "The Dissertation Kent Hovind Doesn't Desire Yous to Read". Archived from the original on July 18, 2007. Retrieved June 24, 2009.
  59. ^ Foley, Jim (August 31, 2001). "Fossil Hominids: Big Daddy?". talkorigins.org. Archived from the original on March 27, 2009. Retrieved June 24, 2009.
  60. ^ Wolf, John; James S. Mellett (1985) "The role of "Nebraska man" in the creation-evolution debate" Archived 2012-03-13 at the Wayback Automobile Creation/Evolution 16:31-43, National Center for Scientific discipline Education
  61. ^ Prothero & Buell 2007, pp. 334–335.
  62. ^ Cuhulain, Kerr (August 26, 2002). "Jack Chick: Tracts for Every Occasion". Heathen Protection Centre. p. 4. Archived from the original on February iv, 2008. Retrieved February 20, 2008.
  63. ^ "Gladys". Chick.com. Archived from the original on December three, 2013. Retrieved December 2, 2013.
  64. ^ Chick portrayed this dramatically in the tract The Picayune Princess (http://world wide web.chick.com/reading/tracts/0063/0063_01.asp Archived 2008-05-17 at the Wayback Machine), the story of a terminally-ill young daughter who receives a Chick tract from her neighbors on Halloween, accepts Christ and has the neighbors share the Gospel with her family, earlier dying afterward that nighttime.
  65. ^ Camp, Gregory S. (1997). Selling fear: Conspiracy Theories and Cease-Times Paranoia. Baker Pub Group. p. 189. ISBN0-8010-5721-3.
  66. ^ Lewis, James R. (2001). Satanism Today: an Encyclopedia of Faith, Folklore, and Popular Civilisation . ABC-CLIO. p. 46. ISBN978-1-57607-292-9.
  67. ^ Edidin, Rachel. "A Fearmongering Anti-RPG Comic Gets the Film Adaptation It Deserves | Underwire". WIRED. Archived from the original on May twenty, 2014. Retrieved May 21, 2014.
  68. ^ Thrasher, Adam. "Antlers Of The Damned". The Jack T. Chick Parody Archive.
  69. ^ "Chemical Salvation?" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on September 26, 2014. Retrieved May 21, 2014.
  70. ^ "ADAM & EVIL?! for Web" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on May 10, 2014. Retrieved May 21, 2014.
  71. ^ Hagenbach, Dieter; Werthmüller, Lucius; Grof, Stanislav (2013). Mystic Chemist: The Life of Albert Hofmann and His Discovery of LSD (First English language ed.). Santa Fe, NM: Synergetic Press. p. 244. ISBN978-0-907791-46-1.
  72. ^ "科学が魂を救う? / Chemical Salvation?" (PDF) (in Japanese). Archived (PDF) from the original on Oct 5, 2014. Retrieved Apr 21, 2014.
  73. ^ Ruiz Franco (June 15, 2016). "Albert Hofmann, Vida Y Legado De Un Quimico Humanista" [Albert Hofmann, Life And Legacy Of A Humanist Chemist] (in Spanish).
  74. ^ "SDCC – 'Rick and Morty' Creators and Bandage Tease a 'More than Intergalactic' Season 2". comicbookresources.com. Baronial 15, 2014. Archived from the original on June thirty, 2016. Retrieved May 16, 2017.

Sources [edit]

  • Bivins, Jason (2008). "Jesus Was Not a Weak Fairy: Chick Tracts and the Visual Culture of Evangelical Fearfulness". Faith of Fear: the Politics of Horror in Conservative Evangelicalism. Oxford New York: Oxford University Printing. pp. 41–88. ISBN978-0-19-534081-five.
  • Prothero, Donald R.; Buell, Carl Dennis (2007). Evolution: What the Fossils Say and Why Information technology Matters. Columbia University Press. ISBN978-0-231-13962-five.

Further reading [edit]

  • Fowler, Robert (2001). The World of Chick?. San Francisco: Last Gasp. ISBN0-86719-512-6.
  • Kuersteiner, Kurt (2004). The Art of Jack Chick. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publications Ltd. ISBN0-7643-1892-6.
  • Doner, Colonel V. (May 23, 2012). Christian Jihad: Neo-Fundamentalists and the Polarization of America. Samizdat Artistic.

External links [edit]

  • Chick Publications official website
  • God's Cartoonist - The Comic Crusade of Jack T. Chick – Documentary pic on Chick and Chick comics.
  • Critical view by Freemasons
  • The Jack Chick Museum of Fine art
  • "The Nightmare Earth of Jack T. Chick", Catholic Answers (archived)

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chick_tract

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